11种植物提取物对辣椒灰霉菌的抑菌活性及应用评价

Antifungal Activity of Extracts from Eleven Plants on Botrytis cinerea in Pepper

针对辣椒灰霉菌对许多常用防治药剂产生抗性的现状,以开发新型高效低毒植物源杀菌剂为目标,采用生长速率抑制法和孢子萌发抑制法对11种植物丙酮提取物的抑菌活性进行了测定。结果表明:在干植物浓度为100g/L时,石蒜、络石、生姜等6种植物丙酮提取物对辣椒灰霉菌丝生长抑制率均大于70%;石蒜、生姜、菟丝子等5种植物提取物对孢子萌发抑制率均大于75%。其中,石蒜对辣椒灰霉菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制率最高,分别达82.3%和78.8%。石蒜提取物对病原菌4d和6d的EC50分别为40.6g/L和18.0g/L。田间防治试验结果表明,石蒜浓度为75g/L时,其提取物对辣椒灰霉病防效达64.5%,与70%百菌清悬浮剂800倍液相当,具有较好的开发研究价值。

Fungicides have played key roles in strategies for the control of diseases in crops. However, fungicide resistance is now a widespread problem in global agriculture. For the purpose of developing new effective fungicides with low toxicity, antifungal activity of 11 plant extracts against Botrytis cinerea in pepper was tested using growth rate and spore germination inhibition methods. Six of the plant extracts showed high inhibition rates above 70% at the concentration of 100g/L （ 100 gram dry plants per liter medium ） . The extract from Lycoris radiate exhibited highest inhibition rates both in growth and spore germination, with the results of 82.3% and 78.8%. The EC50 was tested in four and six days and the results were 40.6g/L and 18.0g/L respectively. Preliminary field control experiment revealed that at the concentration of 75g/L, the control efficacy was 64.5%.