常熟市昆承湖周边地区土壤动物群落结构及其多样性研究

Diversity of Soil Invertebrate Communities at Lake Kuncheng,Changshu

对常熟市昆承湖周边区域竹林、人工草坪、农田三种土地利用类型下的土壤动物群落组成进行了调查.共获得土壤动物样本634个,隶属于3门3纲14类.优势类群为蜱螨目和弹尾目2类,占个体总数的65.10%;常见类群为膜翅目、线虫、多足纲、蜘蛛目、鳞翅目、直翅目、寡毛纲、鞘翅目、双翅目等9类,占个体总数的33.92%;其他为稀有类群.群落结构分析表明:个体密度依次为人工草坪>竹林>农田;类群数和土壤动物多样性指数(H′)依次为人工草坪>农田>竹林;均匀度指数(J)依次为农田>人工草坪>竹林,优势度指数(C)依次为竹林>人工草坪>农田.不同群落的相似性(q)分析表明:竹林与农田q值和人工草坪与农田q值均大于0.75,达到了极度相似水平;而竹林与人工草坪的q值大于0.5,为中等相似.土壤动物的垂直分布有明显的表聚现象.

A preliminary study on the diversity of soil invertebrate communities was conducted in the region around Lake Kuncheng bamboo, artificial turf and farmland. A total of 634 soil animals belong to 3 phylums, 3 classes and 14 taxa. Among them, the dominant groups were Acarina and Collembola, which amounted to 65.10% of total individuals. Common groups including the Hymenoptera, Nematoda, Myriapoda, Araneae, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Oligochaeta, Coleoptera and Diptera accounted for 33.92% of the total. The others were rare groups. Three kinds of ecological environment of soft animal community structure analysis showed the density was artificial turf〉bamboo〉 farmland. Numbers of groups and diversity （H＇） were artificial turf〉farmland〉bamboo. Evenness （J） was farmland〉artificial turf〉bamboo. Dominance （C） was bamboo〉artificial turf〉farmland. The results also showed that similarity （q） of soil invertebrates in the bamboo and farmland, artificial turf and farmland was very similar （q〉 0.75）, and the bamboo and artificial turf were moderate （q〉0.50）.Vertical distribution of soil invertebrates is concentrated in the surface.