评国有企业改革中的“法定经营权说”——基于中国与俄罗斯的比较

On the "Statutory Management Rights" in the Reform of State-owned Enterprise——A Comparison Between China and Russia

由我国《物权法》正式规定的企业法定经营权不应针对一切企业法人类型适用,它甚至不能如法定经营权说的倡导者期望的那样针对包括了在竞争与非竞争领域从业的全部国有企业适用。结合其他转型国家的经验与教训,根据我国自身改革实际情况,文章认为,法定经营权作为依法调整企业所有权人与经营权人之间利益关系的法律工具,应主要立足协调企业自由与政府管制,偏向控制企业市场化改革深度与广度,以保留国家对国有企业改革进程及改革后形态的长效调整。由此,国有企业改革中的法定经营权应主要面向有非市场化要求的特殊国家企业。

By contrasting the reform process of State-owned enterprise between China and Russia, it will be found that Russia gives priority to protect the value of state-owned assets and the fare of privatization benefits in the ＂Statutory Management Rights＂ system, meanwhile, the priority to realize the public purpose of the privatization of state enterprises is prohibited in Russia. What Russia has done give us a suggestion to promote the priority of company efficiency. The macro-meaning of ＂Statutory Management Rights＂ lies in the coordination of ＂free enterprise＂ and ＂controlling government＂, especially in the legal control of benefit-sharing mechanisms of an enterprise＇s market-oriented reform, not in drawing the line of state interference in business.