庄子的死亡哲学

Chuang-Tzu's Philosophy of Death

在中外哲学史上,死亡问题在哲学产生之初就是一个重要问题。庄子则是中国哲学史上死亡哲学研究的开创者。以往认为,庄子消极厌世,对人生取虚无主义的态度。其实,庄子以"道"本体论解读死亡;将个人生死放在人类世代延续中进行思考;认为只有善待生命才能善待死亡,还提出了"心死"、"生亡"的死亡观。在庄子的思想中,唯有真正懂得生命的人,才能以正确的态度去对待死亡。反之,真正认清死亡的人,才能理解生命的价值。对死亡问题作哲学的理性思考,人生境界才能超越生命的自然意义。庄子沉思死亡哲学,是希望大家都能深入理解生命,理解生命才能把握生命,才能主宰生命,使自己真正成为生命的主人。

In the philosophical history at home and abroad, death has always been an important topic. Chuang-Tzu is the pioneer in the studies of death philosophy in China. It was once believed that Chuang - Tzu tended to be pessimistic and nihilistic in life. Actually he interpreted death from the perspective of ＂Taoist＂ ontology, reflecting on the individual＇s life and death in the continuance of human being generation after generation. Chuang - Tzu held that one could not properly face death unless one harbored a proper attitude toward life, as revealed in his idea~ of ＂the death of the heart＂ and ＂being dead though alive.＂ In other words, only when one understands life can he meet with death in a proper attitude or one understands the value of life only when he understands death properly. Reflections on death from the philosophical perspective will promote the transcendence over natural life. Chuang- Tzu＇ s philosophical ideas of death mean to promote a deeper understanding and eventually a control of life.