清代地方官学的建筑与结构——以清代地方志记载为中心的考查

Structures of the local official schools in Qing dynasty——An atlas-based survey

清代地方官学的建筑主要由两部分组成:一是以大成殿为核心的文庙,一是以明伦堂为核心的教学场所,分别承担礼仪和教学职能。由于在文庙祭祀先师孔子乃国家典礼,故地方官学的建筑以大成殿最为宏丽;而清代生员多不入学就读,以致以明伦堂为核心的教学设施日益沦于边缘地位。地方官学的建筑除了实际的功能外,还具有丰富的文化象征意义。

The structure of the official schools in Qing dynasty composes two parts： the Confucius temple with the hall of great success（Dacheng） for ceremony, and teaching building with the hall of lecturing （Minglun） for teaching. As the temple is the place of sacrifice for Confucius and state ceremony, it is usually magnificent. While most students fail to study in school, the teaching building is marginized.