丹江口库区及上游生态系统土壤保持效益价值评估

Value Evaluation of Benefits of Soil Conservation to the Ecosystem of Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin and Upstream

以RUSLE为模型的基本框架,以GIS、RS软件为技术平台,利用GIS强大的空间数据组织分析运算能力,将项目规划区各土壤侵蚀影响因子的遥感数据与非遥感数据网格化,通过网格数据的空间分析和模型运算,实现生态系统土壤保持量的区域性宏观定位定量评价。估算结果表明:研究区土壤保持总量林地最高,草地次之,水域等其它类型土壤保持量都非常少,这与植被覆盖度和植被净第一性生产力的分布是一致的,说明高植被覆盖类型分布区的植被能有效防止和控制土壤流失。1987、2000和2008年不同土地利用/覆被类型土壤保持价值分别为355.21亿元3、41.37亿元和367.41亿元。其中林地和灌木林地生态系统的土壤保持价值占到近60%,草地生态系统占到近30%,林、灌、草共占到服务总价值的近90%,林、灌、草在土壤保持生态系统服务中具有决定性的作用。

Using RUSLE model as the basic framework and GIS＆RS software as technology platform, this article realizes the ecosystem of the amount of soil macro - regional positioning quantitative evaluation through analysis of space and computing model of the grid data. The article does grid treatment to remote sensing data and non-remote sensing data of the project area of soil erosion impact factor and makes full use of GIS spatial data analysis of the organization of computing power. The estimation results showed that the amount of forest land accounted for the highest proportion of total soil conservation in the study area, followed by grassland and water, and other types of soil are in very low proportion. This is consistent with the vegetation cover and the distribution of net primary productivity which indicates that the high vegetation cover distribution of vegetation types can be effective in preventing and controlling soil erosion. Different land use/cover types of soil conservation value are 355.21 × 10^8 Yuan RMB in 1987, 341.37 × 10^8 Yuan RMB in 2000 and 367.41 × 10^8 Yuan RMB in 2008 respectively＇. Among them, the soil conservation of wood land and shrub land ecosystem accounted for nearly 60%, grassland ecosystem accounted for nearly 30% and forestry, shrub and grass accounted for nearly 90%. So, forest, shrub and grass have a decisive role in soil conservation ecosystem serviees. The study has a reference value in the intuitive and effective implementation of the willing expression of the people in the reservoir area of soil and water conservation, and is useful to ecological protection of soil and water conservation. Besides, the study further improves the ecological compensation policies.