中国省际水资源利用效率的空间分布格局及决定因素

Spatial Distribution and Determinant of Water Usage Among Inter-provinces in China

水是战略性经济资源,中国是全世界13个人均水资源贫水国家之一,为解决水资源紧缺问题,确保实现"十一五"规划《纲要》提出的节水目标,关键是用水效率水平。在当前的经济、技术水平下,中国未来可能实现的节水潜力在于省际之间水资源利用效率的差异,科学地计算各个省域的用水效率就成为一项基础性的工作。应用随机前沿生产函数方法,测算省域的用水技术效率;将用水量引入C—D生产函数,计算出考虑水资源因子的省域全要素生产率;在此基础上,运用空间相关分析方法研究技术效率和全要素生产率之间的空间关系,结果表明:中国水资源利用效率存在明显的区域差别,省际的用水技术效率和全要素生产率都存在差异,两者之间存在空间相关,有空间集聚趋势,效率等级结构在时间上存在着稳定性。导致技术效率和全要素生产率差异的主要原因在于资金生产率等,从省际实际出发,制定并实行差异化的政策,为提高用水效率、实现节水目标打下基础。

Water is a kind of strategic economic resource. According to the average water resource, China is one of the thirteen countries of water shortage in the world. So the efficiency of water consumption matters a lot in solving the problem of water shortage and ensuring the realization of the objective set in the 1 lth Five Year Plan. With the current economic and technical level in China, the water-saving potential to in the future lies in the discrepancy of efficiency in utilizing water resource in 31 provinces. Efficiency is the core issue of water utility. There is a regional difference of water usage in China due to many factors, including natural, social, economic factors and ways of water usage conditions. Therefore, the basic work of describing the level and regional difference of water usage in China becomes necessary. In this article, the stochastic frontier production function-panel data model is introduced to compute the technical efficiency of different provinces. And total factors productivity is also computed with a view to water element. We study the relation between the technical efficiency and total factors productivity by means of spatial analysis. The study shows that striking regional differences exist in the efficiency of water usage, in technical efficiency of water usage and total factors productivity with the latter two spatially ,related. And capital productivity causes the differences between technical efficiency and total factors productivity. A sound foundation for improving water usage efficiency and realizing the objective of water-saving can be achieved by considering inter-provincial reality, idenfifying the factors influencing efficiency level, analyzeing the reasons for the differences and enacting differences-oriented policies.