可持续发展理念下旅游资源立法问题研究

Study on Tourism Resources Legislation in the Background of Sustainable Development

我国拥有丰富的人文、自然旅游资源,旅游业也处于迅速发展之中,但我国旅游资源立法存在形式繁杂、效力级别低以及内容欠缺协调等问题。虽然近年来多有立法呼声,但由于在模式选择、立法原则确立以及制度设计等方面尚未达成共识,导致有关旅游资源保护立法迟迟不能出台,这对我国旅游业发展和旅游资源合理开发利用产生了诸多不利影响。本文归纳并评析了现有六种立法模式:旅游基本法模式、旅游法典模式、保护地法模式、国家公园法模式、特别区域法单独修改模式、将旅游资源立法纳入资源与环境保护立法体系模式,提出我国在立法模式选择上及保护与开发旅游资源的原则和制度设计上必须立足国情,以可持续发展理念为指导,充分贯彻旅游资源保护优先原则,在此基础上平衡旅游资源保护与经济发展的关系,从而推动我国旅游资源和旅游业尽快走上可持续发展的轨道。

There are abundant cultural and natural resources in China, and China＇ s tourism industry is rapidly developing. However, there are many problems in tourism resources legislation such as low grade as well as lack of coordination in content. Many scholars add their voices to promote the tourism resources legislation, but their opinions are not unanimous in mode choice, legislation principle and system design so that law to regulate exploitation and utilization of tourism resources has not been enacted. The absence of tourism law also led to negative impact on tourism industry development. This article sums up and reviews existing modes of legislation consisting of the mode of tourism fundamental law, of tourism code, of protected area law, and of national parks law, etc. Making the choice of modes of legislation and the system design of protection and development of tourism resources should be based on national eonditions. Tourism law should be guided by sustainable development, should follow the principle of tourism resources proteetion in priority, and should balance the relations between tourism resources protection and economic development. Those measures can promote the sustainable development of tourism industry and tourism resources.