卢梭对儿童生命之“自然”的认识

On Rousseau's Understanding of the "Nature" of Child's Life

卢梭基于对儿童生命之"自然"的美好信念,认为儿童与生俱来的自然倾向都是好的;儿童不同于成人,儿童的成长遵循着自然的秩序;儿童必须在生活过程中通过自己的活动来实现成长。这些认识与生物学思想中关于复杂生命系统进化与发育的自组织机制是一致的。种系的发育模式和本能是生命存在的前提,而现实的生命活动作为有机体与环境的调节机制,成为推动生命系统从基因变异到精神演化之进化进程的根本动力,也是个体发展的现实机制。在儿童发展过程中,从基因组的表达调控到有机体器官和组织的生理活动,再到人的精神活动,都表现出生命是自组织的选择系统。自由是生命存在的前提,也是生命存在的本性。

Based on the belief of the ＂nature＂ of child＇ s life, Jean-Jacques Rousseau argues that all the inherent aptitude of children is good; that unlike the adults, the development of children follows the order of the nature; and that children should grow up through their own activities in the life process. The above-men- tioned viewpoints are in accordance with the self-organization mechanism about the evolution and development of the complex life system in biological theories. While the development pattern and instinct of the germ line is the premise of the existence of life, real life activities, being the regulation mechanism between the organism and the environment, become the basic motive force of furthering the evolutionary course of life system from gene variation to spiritual evolution as well as the reality mechanism of individual development. In the process of child development, such activities as genome expression and regulation, physiological activities of organs and tissues of organisms, and spiritual activities of human beings, show that life is the selective mechanism of self organization, and that freedom is not only the premise but also the nature of the existence of life.