2020年及其以后高效低排放先进汽车技术的发展(英文)

Developing Advanced Low-Emission and Fuel-Efficient Vehicle Technologies Eyeing 2020 and Beyond

日本、美国和欧洲将于2010年到2016年对汽油车和柴油车实施极为严格的排放法规。为了满足这些排放法规,汽车制造商不得不优化相关的燃烧、后处理和燃料等技术,从而开发超低排放发动机系统。使用这些最新技术的汽车预计可以在未来20年内维持它们占据的市场份额。而2020年之后,提高燃油经济性和使用可再生能源如电能、生物能来减少交通运输领域对石油的依赖会得到更多的关注,这也会一定程度减轻全球变暖。混合动力汽车是一个很有前途的有效改善燃油效率的替代方案,其次是电动车。低成本的永磁铁电动机、锂离子电池以及电气、电子装置是这些车辆的核心。对于所有类别的车辆,使用先进的轻量化材料也将是一个更为重要的提高能量效率的方法。这些材料包括高可拉伸的钢材、塑料和轻金属。尽管燃料电池汽车有很多优点,也值得做基础的研究工作,但是燃料电池汽车技术在实用化之前必须克服许多困难的和不确定的因素。从全球环境的角度考虑,在已经机动化和正在机动化的国家中,这些先进的、环境友好的发动机技术应该得到恰当的共享。

Ultimately stringent emission regulations will be imposed on gasoline and diesel vehicles between 2010 and 2016 in Japan, the USA and the EU. To comply with these regulations, automakers are being forced to develop ultra low-emission engine systems by optimizing combinations of technologies related to combustion, aftertreatment and fuel. These vehicles are expected to retain their positions as state of the art technologies for two decades to come. Toward 2020 and beyond, more emphasis will be placed on improvements in fuel economy and the use of renewable energy and fuels such as electricity and biofuels to reduce oil dependence in the transportation sector, thereby mitigating global warming. The hybrid vehicle is a very promising alternative option for significantly improving fuel efficiency, followed by the electric vehicle. Cost-effective permanent magnetic motors, lithium-ion batteries and electric and electronic devices are essential for these vehicles. The use of advanced lightweight materials will also be more important to enhance energy efficiency for all vehicle categories. The materials include high-tensile steel, plastics and light metals. Fuel cell vehicle technologies, however, must overcome many difficult and uncertain issues before practical use is possible, although these vehicles possess favorable features and deserve fundamental research. These advanced environmentally friendly motor vehicle technologies should properly be shared among motored and motorizing countries from the viewpoint of global environment.