饲料中添加氯化胆碱对草鱼成鱼生长、脂肪沉积和脂肪代谢酶活性的影响

Effects of dietary supplemental choline chloride on growth performance and lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolism enzymes of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella

选用初始体质量为(314.7±9.9)g的草鱼(Ctenophary ngodon idella)240尾,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复20尾鱼,分别饲喂氯化胆碱添加量为0%(对照组)、0.2%、0.4%和0.6%(占饲料的质量分数)的4组饲料(粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量分别为28.01%和4.54%),胆碱实测含量分别为1010mg/kg、2516mg/kg、4184mg/kg、5852mg/kg,养殖77d后,考察氯化胆碱对草鱼成鱼生长性能、脂肪沉积及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高鱼体增重率(P<0.05)、特定生长率(P<0.05),降低饲料系数(P<0.05);添加0.2%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著降低肝胰脏和全鱼脂肪含量(P<0.05);添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱,肌肉脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05);添加0.2%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P<0.05),添加0.4%和0.6%氯化胆碱可显著降低肝胰脏甘油三酯和总胆固醇含量(P<0.05);在脂肪代谢酶方面,添加0.2%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著提高前肠脂肪酶活性(P<0.05),添加0.6%氯化胆碱显著提高脂蛋白脂酶活性(P<0.05),添加0.4%～0.6%氯化胆碱可显著升高肝脂酶和总脂酶活性(P<0.05)。综上所述,适量添加胆碱能改善草鱼成鱼生长性能,提高饲料利用率,降低肝胰脏、全鱼和肌肉的脂肪含量,提高脂肪代谢酶活性。建议草鱼实用饲料中氯化胆碱添加量为0.4%～0.6%。

A 77-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary choline chloride supplementation on growth performance and lipid metabolism of grass carp,Ctenopharyngodon idella.The basal diet contained 28.01% crude protein and 4.54%crude lipid.Choline chloride of graded levels（0%,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%）was supplemented to basal diet to formulate four practical diets containing choline of 1 010 mg/kg（control group）,2 516 mg/kg, 4 184 mg/kg,5 852 mg/kg,respectively.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate of grass carps with initial average weight of（314.7±9.9）g in 12 concrete tanks（3.0 m×5.0 m×1.2 m）.The results were as follows：Compared with the control group,weight gain rate（WGR）and specific growth rate（SGR）of fish fed with 0.4%and 0.6%choline chloride diets increased significantly（P0.05）,whereas feed conversion rate（FCR）decreased significantly （P0.05）.Crude fat content in hepatopancreas and whole body significantly decreased in the groups fed on diets adding choline chloride of 0.2%-0.6%（P0.05）.Fish fed with 0.2%-0.6%choline chloride diets had a higher concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride than control group（P0.05）.However,when grass carp fed on diets supplemented with 0.4%-0.6%choline chloride,muscle lipid content,triglyceride and cholesterol content of hepatopancreas were lower than those fed on control diet（P0.05）.In the respect of lipid metabolism enzymes, intestine lipase activity increased significantly in the groups fed on diets adding 0.2%-0.6%choline chloride （P0.05）·Lipoprotein lipase activity of hepatopancreas significantly increased in the groups fed on diets adding 0.6% choline chloride（P0.05）.Adding 0.4%-0.6%choline chloride also increased the hepatic lipase and total lipase activities of hepatopancreas significantly（P0.05）.Results above showed that the supplemental choline chloride could improve growth performance,decrease crude fat content of muscle,hepatopancreas and whole body,promote lipid degradation and increase lipid metabolism enzymes activities.The proper level of choline chloride in practical grass carp feed was suggested to be 0.4%-0.6%.