中国不同地理区域室内尘螨的调查研究

Investigation on house dust mite in different geographical regions of China

目的为了解我国不同地理区域内床尘螨的种类分布及物种丰富度。方法使用真空吸尘器分别对我国南部(广州和深圳,n=172)、中部(上海和南昌,n=126)和北部(北京和沈阳,n=112)地区的不同居室类型(家庭、宾馆和学生寝室)的床尘进行了采集、尘螨形态学鉴定和统计分析。结果灰尘样品尘螨阳性率59%(242/410),分离出螨8467只。分属于11科21属。麦食螨科的屋尘螨和粉尘螨为我国室内优势螨种,其中屋尘螨占总螨数的百分比为:南部:27.8%,中部:46.6%,北部:38,2%。粉尘螨为:32.3%、28.0%和23.1%。在非麦食螨科螨类中,热带无爪螨在我国南部的床尘中具有较高的数量(17.4%)。其它占有1%以上的螨有腐食酪螨(南部:1.0%,北部:1.2%)和纳氏皱皮螨(南部:5.8%),马六甲肉食螨(南部:3.7%,中部:1.2%,北部:1.2%),普通肉食螨(中部1.2%),阳单梳螨(南部2.2%),基氏蠊螨(中部1.2%)等,不论是螨的阳性率(χ2=29.6,P<0.001)还是螨的密度(χ2=41.8,P<0.001),我国南部和中部地区都要高于北部地区。环境因子和螨致敏危险性之间的相关性分析表明,南部地区和中部地区床尘螨的致敏危险性分别为北部地区的7.4倍和8.6倍(P<0.001)。家庭和学生寝室床尘中螨的致敏危险性要显著高于宾馆。随着楼层的增高,螨的致敏危险性则显著下降(P=0.009)。结论初步查明我国不同地理区域室内尘螨的种类和分布,为尘螨过敏性疾病的防治提供依据。

In order to understand the distribution and species richness of mites in mattress dust in different geographical regions of China, mattress dust was collected by vacuum cleaner from south region （Guangzhou and Shenzhen, n=172）, middle region （Shanghai and Nanchang,n=126） and north region （Beijing and Shenyang,n=112） respectively. Morphology identification analysis and statistical analysis then were followed. A total of 410 mattress dust samples were collected and mites were found in 242 （59.0%） dust samples. Of 8467 mite individuals were identified and distinguished as 11 families and 21 genera. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus （south： 32.3%, east central： 46.6%, north： 38.2%） and Dermatophagoides farinae （south： 27.8%, east-central： 28.0%, north： 23.1%） were two predominant species in these three geographical regions. For nonpyroglyphid mites, Blomia tropicalis was found especially prevalent in south region of China （17.4%）. Other species which accounted for more than 1% of the mites identified in each geographical region included Tyrophagus putrescentiae （south： 1.0%, north： 1.2%）, Suidasia nesbitti （north： 5.8%）, Cheyletus malaccensis （south： 3.7%, east-central： 1.2%, north： 1.2%）, Acaropsis sollers （south： 2.2%）,C. eruditus （east-central： 1.2%）, Cheletomorpha lepidopterorum （north： 5.4%）, Blattisocius keegani （east-central： 1.2%）, etc. Mite positive rate （Chi-Square test, χ2=29.6, P0.001） and mite density （Kruskal-Wallis Test,χ2=41.8, P0.001） in south and central-east China were significantly higher than those in north China. The relationship between environmental variables and risk of mite sensitization （100 mites/gram） were analyzed. It was found that the risks in south and central-east regions were 7.4 （P0.001） and 8.6（P0.001） times higher than that in north region respectively. Mites in mattress dust at home and in campus dormitory had higher risk （Odds ratio：2.7 and 1.1）, comparing with that in hotel. It was also found that the increase in floor level of sampling room could reduce the risk of mite sensitization （Odds ratio： 0.8; P=0.009）. The study was the first investigation on distribution and species richness of mites in mattress dust in different geographical regions of China,which would help to prevent and treat the anaphylactic diseases against dust.