膝关节后内侧角的解剖及其临床意义

Anatomy and clinical significance of the posteromedial corner of the knee

膝关节后内侧角包括静力稳定性结构和动力稳定性结构。静力性稳定结构包括内侧副韧带、后斜韧带、后内侧关节囊;动力稳定性结构包括鹅足三肌(缝匠肌、股薄肌和半腱肌)、腓肠肌内侧头和半膜肌。膝关节后内侧结构是控制膝关节外翻及胫骨外旋的重要结构,一旦遭到强大暴力作用后,内侧副韧带、后斜韧带、关节囊等破裂,将影响膝后内侧角的稳定性。因此,手术时机和手术入路的选择在修复膝关节损伤中非常重要。

The anatomical structures of knee posteromedial corner include the static stability structures and the dynamic stability structures. The static stability structures include medial collateral ligament, posterior oblique ligament, posterior medial capsule; the dynamic stability structures included pes anserine（sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus）, medial head of gastrocnemius and semimembranosus. The structures of knee posteromedial corner control the valgus of knee and the external rotation of tibia. Once the knee suffers the powerful violence, the medial collateral ligament, posterior medial capsule and the capsule are ruptured, which would influence the stability of the knee posteromedial corner. Therefore, the selection of opportunity and route of operation is very important during the repairing of the ingury.