日粮三聚氰胺在产蛋鸭不同组织中的沉积和消除规律

Study on Melamine Deposition and Depletion in Different Tissues of Laying Ducks

本试验旨在研究日粮三聚氰胺在产蛋鸭不同组织中的沉积和消除规律。选用体质量(1.66 kg±0.16 kg)和产蛋率(75.15%±3.29%)相近的19周龄健康金定产蛋鸭432只,随机分成4个处理,每处理设6个重复,每个重复18只。试验日粮中三聚氰胺的添加量分别为0、5、50和100 mg.kg-1,连续饲喂21 d。而后改喂基础日粮。于沉积试验第4、7、14和21天和改喂基础日粮的第8、24、48和96小时分别测定产蛋鸭血浆、肾脏、肝脏和胸肌中的三聚氰胺含量。结果表明,产蛋鸭连续饲喂含三聚氰胺日粮的21 d,50和100 mg.kg-1处理组各组织中三聚氰胺平均含量均显著高于0和5 mg.kg-1处理组(P<0.05);0和5 mg.kg-1处理组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);100 mg.kg-1处理组各组织中三聚氰胺含量的高低依次为:血浆>肾脏>肝脏>胸肌。组织中三聚氰胺消除较为缓慢,日粮含量越高组织中三聚氰胺消除所需要的时间越长。改喂基础日粮96 h后,各组织中的三聚氰胺含量显著降低,逐渐接近于对照组值,但96 h各组织中三聚氰胺含量均未消除完全。试验期间,产蛋鸭组织中未检测到三聚氰酸。日粮三聚氰胺含量越高,产蛋鸭组织中的浓度越高,消除需要的时间越长,停饲含三聚氰胺日粮96 h不能完全消除各组织中的三聚氰胺。血浆和肾脏中三聚氰胺含量较高,肝脏次之,胸肌最低,建议以血浆和肾脏作为三聚氰胺残留检测的敏感组织。

The objective of this study was to investigate the deposition and depletion of melamine in different tissues of laying ducks.Four hundred and thirty-two 19-week-old Jinding laying ducks（Body weight：1.66±0.16 kg,egg production：75.15%±3.29%） were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 18 birds each.Each group was fed a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 0,5,50 and 100 mg·kg-1 melamine respectively for 21 d.The melamine concentration in the plasma,kidney,liver and breast muscle were determined on day 4,7,14 and 21 d.After switching the basal diet for 8,24,48 and 96 h the melamine content were determined in the plasma,kidney,liver and breast muscle samples.After adding melamine to the dietary for 21 days,the average melamine in different tissues of 50 and 100 mg·kg-1 melamine treatment groups were significantly higher than that of 0,5 mg·kg-1 melamine treatment groups（P0.05）,there was no significant difference between 0 and 5 mg·kg-1 groups（P0.05）.The melamine concentration in tissues of 100 mg·kg-1 group decreased progressively by the order of plasma kidneyliverbreast muscle.Higher dietary melamine concentration requires a longer time to eliminate from the tissues.After withdrawing melamine diets for 96 h,the melamine concentrations in different tissues were decreased significantly,but the melamine in different tissues can not be completely eliminated in 96 h.Cyanuric acid had not been detected in the tissues of laying ducks.The melamine concentration in the different tissues were increased with the levels of melamine in the diet,and showed dose-response relationship.Melamine needs a long duration,which can be demonstrated by the incomplete elimination of melamine in the tissue within 96 h.Melamine concentrations in plasma and kidney were higher than that in liver and breast muscle.The study indicates that plasma and kidney can be used as the indicator for the residue of melamine.The depletion time for melamine in different tissues should be longer than 96 h.