陕西省地震重灾区地方病防治恢复重建工作需求调查

The evaluation report for restoration and reconstruction of endemic disease prevention needed in areas severely hit by the earthquake in Shaanxi province

目的 科学评估地震灾害对陕西省地方病防治工作的影响,为制定灾后恢复重建规划提供科学依据.方法 2008年9月,在陕西省地震重灾区饮水型氟中毒病区,采集勉县、陈仓区不同类型生活饮用水各40份,水氟测定采用氟离子选择电极法,水砷测定采用氢化物发生原子荧光法;同时了解该地是否有水文及地质损害事件.在地震重灾区碘缺乏病病区,采集宁强、略阳县18～45育龄妇女家中盐样及尿样各200份,盐碘测定采用半定量检测法,尿碘测定采用砷铈催化分光光度法.在地震重灾区大骨节病区,对宁强、略阳县7～12岁儿童各100名进行大骨节病临床及X线拍片检查,并采集儿童发样各20份,发硒测定采用2,3-二氨基萘荧光分光光度法;采集其家中粮食各20份,粮食中T-2毒素测定采用酶联免疫吸附法.结果 在地震重灾区勉县、陈仓区,未发现特别严重的水文、地质损害事件.80份水样水氟〉1.5 mg/的1份,占1.25%;〉1.0 mg/L且〈1.5 mg/L的5份,占6.25%;80份水样水砷均〈0.01 mg/L.宁强、略阳县18～45岁育龄妇女家中400份食盐经检测均为碘盐;尿碘中位数分别为303.03μg/L（21.40～1133.54μg/L）和325.21μg/L（27.61～1191.46μg/L）;7～12岁儿童中未检出I度以上大骨节病患者,X线拍片也未检出阳性病例,发硒均值为（0.2638±0.0875）mg/kg,40份粮样的T-2毒素均〈100 μg/kg.结论 地震对4个受灾县（区）的地方病防治工作造成了一定影响,但地方病病情稳定,未发现地方病有流行趋势.

Objective To evaluate the effect of endemic disease prevention in Shaanxi province caused by earthquake and supply a scientific basis for making decision regarding restoration and reconstruction after the earthquake.Methods Forty different drinking water samples were collected respectively from Mianxian county and Chencang district the earthquakes＇most severely hit areas in Shaanxi province with drinking-water-borne fluorosis.The contents of fluorine and arsenic in the water was detected by Fluoride ion-selective electrode and hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry,respectively.Two hundreds iodized salt and urine samples were collected from affected household women aged 18-45 in severely hit Ningqiang and Lveyang countie with iodine deficiency disorders.The contents of iodine in the salt was detected by semi-quantitative and of urinary iodine of household women was determined by As^Ⅲ-Ce^4＋ catalytic spectrophotometry.Two hundred children aged 7-12 were detected by clinical and X-ray examination from Ningqiang and Lveyang counties of Kashin-Beck disease prevailing areas.Hair and food samples from 20 children were collected.The contents of selenium were determined by 2,3-Diamino naphthalene fluorescence spectrophotometry and of T-2 toxin in the food was detected by ELISA.Results No incidents of serious hydrologieM or geological damage were found.Fluoride content in one of eighty water samples was beyond 1.5 mg/L,accounting for 1.25%;five samples were between 1.0 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L,accounting for 6.25%：the arsenic content of all samples were below 0.01 mg/L;all the salt samples from the home of household aged 18-45 were iodine salt,the median of urine iodine of household wonlen Was 303.03μg/L （21.40-1133.54 μg/L） and 325.21 μg/L（27.61 - 1191.46 μg,/L） in Ningqiang and Lveyang counties, respectively.No clinical and X-ray patients were found in the children aged 7 - 12, the average content of selenium in hair was （0.2638 ± 0.0875）mg/kg; the content of T-2 toxin in the forty food samples was below 100 μg/kg. Conclusions The prevention of the endemic disease in the four counties has been moderately affected by the earthquake, but the situation of endemic disease is stable and there is no evidence of the endemic disease.