城市气象与边界层数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation on Urban Meteorology and Urban Boundary Layer

综合评述关于城市气象与边界层数值模拟的近期研究进展,主要就城市气候研究、城市能量平衡、城市热岛研究以及城市陆面过程与城市地表能量平衡模式等方面国内外主要研究工作,结合作者近期的研究工作和认识作一评述。从中提出一些现实与观点方面的问题,给出一些看法和讨论。最后,就当今比较流行并显示十分有效的城市气象和城市边界层数值模拟作一些讨论,着重对这一领域面临的现行研究和未来的挑战,提出一些思考。评述结果表明:①今后需针对我国不同气候区、不同城市特点和建筑物形态特征,开展城市气候、城市地表能量平衡、城市热岛等方面的观测与模拟研究;②在城市气象观测方法与技术导则、观测站网布局、新型观测手段的综合使用等方面的深入研究需进一步展开;③需建立基于时间、天气条件、建筑特征的简单的城市热岛强度预报方法;④可探索采用计算流体力学(CFD)模式作为"桥梁",检验并改进中尺度模式对城市地区的模拟效果。

The current research status of numerical simulations on urban meteorology and boundary layer is reviewed in this paper,including research on urban climate,urban surface energy balance,urban heat island and urban canopy modeling.Based on researchers＇ experience,suggestion and discussion are given on some cutting edge problems and opinions.The state-of-art methods used in this field are discussed as well.Recommendations are also suggested in this paper：①Observations and simulations on urban climate,urban surface energy balance,urban heat island are in great need facing the different climate zone and different cities;②More and deeper researches on urban observation methods and rules,observation instruments and observation net design are needed;③Prediction method of urban heat island based on synoptic conditions and urban surface characteristics should be improved;④Computational fluid dynamic（CFD）models can be used as tools to bridge the gap between mesoscale and microscale numerical modeling,and to evaluate and improve current mesoscale urban climate simulations.