成年海马中神经发生及影响因素

Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus

动物成年后在其中枢神经系统内仍有神经发生。成年神经发生的主要区域是海马齿状回的颗粒下层和脑室下区的侧脑室外侧壁。目前认为成年后的海马神经发生参与记忆的形成,尤其对癫痫和神经退行性疾病的缓解和治疗具有重要意义。成年海马的神经发生受多种生理、病理因素的调控。我们就近年来成年海马神经发生的影响因素及其可能机制进行综述。

It is now well documented that active neorogenesis does exist throughout the life span in the brain of various species including human.Neurogenesis concerns mainly two areas in the brain：the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the subventricular zone.Recent studies have shown that neurogenesis can be modulated by a variety of factors including stress and neurohormonals,growth factors,neurotransmitters,drugs of abuse,strokes and traumatic brain injuries.In particular,the hippocampal neurogenesis may play a role in neu-roadaption associated with pathology such as cognitive disorders and depression.The increased neurogenesis at sites of injury may represent an attempt by the central nervous system to regenerate after damage.This review focused on the most significant data on hippocampal neurogenesis in brain under various physiological,pathological condi-tions,and the signaling mechanisms involved in adult neurogenesis.