广西巴马县境内长寿老人区域分布及人群头发中化学元素含量的研究

Study on regional distribution of longevity and the hair′s chemical elements content of the crowds in Bama county,Guangxi province

目的分析广西巴马县境内长寿人群空间分布特征,并测量不同区域人群头发中化学元素的含量,探寻两者间可能存在的关系。方法以2000年全国第五次人口普查和2007年抽查登记资料为基础,采用Mapinfo8.0软件绘制能够直观反映巴马县长寿人群(85岁及以上)各乡镇地域分布情况的专题地图。选取巴马县长寿率最高的3个乡:甲篆、西山、平洞(长寿区域)以及长寿率最低的两个乡:那设、局桑(非长寿区域)作为研究现场,以年龄分层随机选取两区域5～109岁健康且无染发(或头发稀少而有胡须者)的当地农民各32例为研究对象,分别为长寿区组和非长寿区组。采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和原子荧光光谱法(AFS)检测不同区域人群头发、饮用水及土壤中Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Pb、Sr、V、Se、I、P、Zn、Hg20种化学元素的含量。采用SPSS13.0对数据进行分析。结果巴马长寿人群的空间分布不均匀,呈相对聚集性分布。长寿区域与非长寿区域相连,长寿区域85岁及以上和100岁及以上老人的比例均高于非长寿区域,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。与长寿区组比较,非长寿区组头发中Na、Li、Mg、Mn、Pb、Sr、K、I8种元素含量较高;饮用水中Na、Li、Mg、Mn、Fe、V6种元素含量较高,Ca、Zn、Co、Hg4种元素含量较低;土壤中Na、Mo、Se、Hg4种元素含量较高,Cu、P、I、Cd4种元素含量较低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。两区域人群头发中Li、Mg、Mn、Na的含量与饮用水中元素含量趋势一致。结论巴马长寿区域与非长寿区域人群头发中有着不同的化学元素组成,其与巴马长寿的关系值得进一步研究。

Objective To determine the geographical distribution of the longevous population and hair′s chemical elements content of the crowds in Bama county,and explore the possible relationship between them. Methods The thematic map based on the fifth national census in 2000 and the sampling data in 2007 which reflected directly geographical distribution of longevous population（aged 85 and over）among Bama′s villages were done by Mapinfo 8.0 software. Jiazhuan,Xishan and Pingdong were belonged to longevity district in Bama and Nashe and Jusang were belonged to non-longevity district relatively which were the study spots.The 32 random 5～109 years old people in the above 2 districts which were healthy and non-dyeing hair（or few hair but more beard） were study objects chosen by age layers in 2007,they were the longevity and the non-longevity district groups.20 kinds（Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,K,Li,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Pb,Sr,V,Se,I,P,Zn,Hg）of chemical elements′content in Bama crowds′hair,chief drink water and cultivated soil were measured by ICP-AES and AFS. The data analysis was done by SPSS 13.0.Results The longevous population in Bama were not well-distributed but various by district.The longevity district was linked to the non-longevity district,their longevous population proportions were different significantly（P0.01）. Hair′s 8 elements′（K,Li,Mg,Mn,Pb,Sr,I,Na）,water′s 6 elements′（Na,Li,Mg,Mn,Fe,V） and soil′s 4 elements′（Na,Mo,Se,Hg）contents in the longevity district group were lower than those in the non-longevity district group; water′s 4 elements′（Ca,Zn,Co,Hg）and soil′s 4 elements′（Cu,P,I,Cd） contents in the longevity district group were lower than those in the non-longevity district significantly（P0.05 or P0.01）.The trend of hair′s Li,Mg,Mn,Na contents between two districts was the same as those of drink water′s. Conclusions Different hair′s chemical element compositions might exist in Bama′s crowds of longevity district and relative non-longevity district,which′s relationship with longevity worth further research.