康德政治哲学的当代诠释

Contemporary Explanation of Kant's Political Philosophy

对当代政治哲学的深入理解,离不开对其根基之一的康德政治哲学的研究和关注。康德政治哲学的主题是:确保人类自身能够自由、有尊严地生活,人类应该由自然状态走向法治的自由状态,从而实现人类永久和平的世界图景。为此,康德从对人的理性认识能力的先验分析中,界定了人在道德领域中的自由本性;在对人的自由本性的扩展和演绎中确证国家存在的合法性,由国家的合法性存在推出不同国家之间组成国际联盟,最终促使人类走向永久和平。在康德的政治哲学中所体现出来的先验主义特点、政治与道德的结合以及永久和平的构想在当代政治哲学的研究中仍然具有旺盛的生命力和强大的吸引力。

Deep understanding of modem and contemporary political philosophy cannot detach itself from studying one of the roots--Kant＇ s political philosophy. The thesis of Kant＇ s political philosophy aims at establishing a world prospect of mankind eternal peacefulness, thereby ensuring a free life where man can live with dignity. The thesis is rooted in transcendent critical philosophy and freedom-centered concept of moral philosophy, which explicates that the eternal peacefulness must depend on establishment of rule-of-law countries that take the freedom of mankind as its premise, and man＇ s freedom comes from transcendent analysis of human reasonability. Definitely speaking, during the analysis of man＇ s reasonable cognition ability, Kant defined man＇ s freedom nature in morality, and demonstrated the legality of state existence in extending and deducting the nature of man＇ s freedom, thereby propelling the eternal peacefulness among countries of different kinds. The transcendentalism, the combination of politics and morality as well as the ultimate peacefulness embodied in Kant＇ s political philosophy remain his strong vitality and great attraction in the research of modern political philosophy.