社会支持视角:城市贫困女性再就业培训研究

Viewpoint of Social Support: Research on the Re-employment Training for the Urban Impoverished Females

社会支持在社会转型的背景下出现了许多新变化。传统的以血缘为核心、家庭为纽带呈"差序格局"分布的私人性支持和以"单位制"为载体的国家支持体系相结合的支持系统在社会中的作用逐渐式微。中国出现了贫困女性化现象,而就业是解决贫困问题的最终手段。再就业培训是城市贫困女性接受社会支持的重要方面。应将培训视为积极的社会政策,将贫困女性视为一种人力资本,培训是提升贫困女性社会资本的投资。目前培训中存在着机会不平等、性别不平等、培训达不到预期目的等问题。为此,应建立就业培训信息网络,提高培训质量,形成社会化的培训网络,使城市贫困女性从被动接受社会保障津贴者转变为通过劳动获得收入的社会参与者。

Against the backdrop of social transformation, the social support has undergone many new changes. The role of traditional support system comprising private support which, with blood relationship as its core and family as its bond, is organized in the ＂differential mode of association＂ and public support which is based upon ＂the system of enterprises＂ has gradually heen weakened in society. The phenomenon of impoverished females appears in China and employment is the ultimate method of resolving problems concerning impoverishment. Training for re-employment is a significant aspect of receiving social support for the urban impoverished females. We should regard it as an active social policy and impoverished females as a human resource; thus, training constitutes an investment to elevate the social capital of the urban impoverished females. However, there are opportunity inequality and gender inequality in the current training system on the one hand and the training always falls short of expectation on the other hand. From the above-mentioned factors, we may reach the conclusion that the information network of employment training should be established, training quality be improved and a socialized training system be formed in order that the urban impoverished females as passive receivers of social security should be developed into social participants earning income by virtue of labor.