浅析美国碳排放权制度及其交易体系

Analysis of American System of Carbon Emission Trading

碳排放权交易是利用命令规制手段和市场激励手段解决温室气体排放的有效手段,其交易制度建立的理论基础是科斯定理。尽管美国没有加入《京都议定书》,但其碳排放权交易体系发育得比较完善。虽然目前美国并没有一部规制碳排放的联邦法案,但通过"马萨诸塞州诉美国环保署"的经典判例已将二氧化碳列入污染物而纳入了《清洁空气法》的调整范围,由此确立了碳排放权交易的法源基础。它们的经验为我国碳排放权市场的建立具有很好的借鉴意义。

Carbon emissions trading is to use command-regulatory instruments and market incentives to tackle the problem of greenhouse gas emissions,whose theoretical basis is the Coase Theorem.At present the United States does not have a federal bill to regulate it,but Clean Air Act can also apply in it Through the case：Massachusetts v.U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,which established the legal base of carbon emissions trading.Nowadays American trading systems mainly are RGGI,MGGRA,WCI,CAR and CCX,whose experience has a good reference for the development of the carbon emissions trading in our country.