敦煌《毛诗音》反切中的“开合一致原则”及其在韵母拟音上的应用

On the accordance principle of kai-he(开合) distinctions in the fanqie(反切) spellings of the Dunhuang Maoshiyin(毛诗音) fragments and its application to the reconstruction of some Ancient Chinese finals

本文作为平山久雄(2009)的续篇,介绍敦煌《毛诗音》残卷反切结构中的"开合一致原则"的统计基础,并说明应用这条结构原则对阐释一些韵母如鱼韵、东韵、覃韵、江韵等拟音问题的功用。"开合一致"表示反切上字和被切字开合一致。带"唇性韵尾"/u/、/m/、/w/等的韵母不属开口或合口,而构成另一范畴"唇尾"。唇尾诸韵对"开合一致原则"表现出的性质因韵而有所不同,作者根据统计数据拟定每一唇尾韵的"合口度"。

Based on the fanqie spellings of the Dunhuang Maoshiyin(phonetic annotations to the Book of Odes)fragments S.2729 and P.3383,this paper assumes a principle that the first character of fanqie(representing initial consonant)is ordinarily in accordance with the annotated word with respect to the distinction of kai(syllables with no rounded medial vowel)and he(syllables with a rounded medial vowel)in Ancient Chinese.It also provides statistic analyses to support the principle and shows how to apply the principle to the reconstruction of the phonemic value of some finals in Ancient Chinese.