北魏孝文帝实行散爵制度考

A Study on Prestige Rank System which was Practiced by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

北魏孝文帝实行的散爵制度是爵位改革的重要措施。散爵的实行以保留北魏前期虚封性质的五等爵为基础,调整原来具有五等爵者的爵位等级,并将散爵与实封的开国爵一并推行,因而,散爵与开国爵的爵位等级也就具有相互参照的关系。在后《职员令》中,孝文帝又将五等爵与开国爵这两个系统的爵位等级一体化,正式将虚封爵称为散爵。因此,散爵制度依然是使社会上层群体等级地位有序化的保证。

The prestige rank system which was practiced by Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei dynasty is an important measure of ranks reform. Practicing prestige rank is based on retaining the nominal conferring five ranks in former Northern Wei dynasty. Nevertheless, Emperor Xiaowen adjusted the ranks which own five previously. He carried out the prestige rank and dynasty-founding rank together, so the prestige rank and dynasty-founding rank could be cross-re- ferred. In the later zhiyuanling（职员令）, he merged the two systems into an organized whole and formally named nominal conferring rank as prestige rank. Prestige rank system still guaranteed the regularity of the rank and status of upper classes of society.