清末民初上海地方精英内部的权势转移——以上海拆城案为中心

The Transfer of the Power of Local Elites of Shanghai from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Early Period of the Republic of China——A Case of the Demolition of the City Walls of Shanghai

上海拆城案是在清末自治运动兴起、城市商业发展、与租界竞争以及城墙自身功能消退的背景下进行的。该议案从提出到最终执行,几乎经历了整个清末民初自治的全过程,其间经历了前期激烈的争议和后期犀利的施行阶段,形成了"拆城以利通商"和"保城以卫家园"对立的两派。拆城派大多属于商人领袖,具有新学背景,而保城派则主要是拥有传统功名的地方士绅。在两派激烈的争论过程中,随着时局的演进,保城派逐渐由强势转为弱势;反之,拆城派由弱转强,从而完成了上海地方精英内部的新旧群体权势的转移。

The demolition of the city walls of shanghai was performed under the background of the autonomy movement in the late Qing Dynasty, the development of the commerce of Shanghai, the competition with the Concessions, as well as the regression of the city walls＇ functions. From the earliest proposition to the final implementation, the proposal had experienced almost the whole autonomy movement from the late Qing Dynasty to the early period of the Republic of China. Going through the prophase of heated controversy and the anaphase of sharp implementation, two opposite fac- tions which were ＂to demolish the walls to facilitate trade＂ and ＂to preserve the walls to guard home＂ had been formed. Most of the people in favor of the former were business leaders who had received ＂new learning＂ education, while the opponents mainly consisted of local gentries who had traditional reputation. In the course of the intense debate between the two factions, with the evolution of the situation, the faction of preserving walls declined from strong to weak grad- ually. On the contrary, the faction of demolishing walls raised from weak to strong. Thereby it had completed the power transfer of local elites of Shanghai between the old and the new groups.