功利主义的当代价值

On Contemporary Values of Utilitarianism

功利主义的首要特征是:将快乐、安康、福利看成是唯一的善,因此功利主义被视为享乐主义在当代的发展形态,不同阶段有不同的表现形态和相应的主要代表人物,功利主义有其致命弱点,但它的产生也有社会历史意义,它所提供的以整体和未来为导向的思维方式、"快乐"原则和"感受性"标准为内容的道德智慧,在当代应用伦理学的理论与实践中具有不可替代的重要作用。

Through explaining the fundamental characteristics, the main representatives, the various forms and the fatal weakness of utilitarianism, this paper discusses the social and historical meanings of its emergence, and describes the moral wisdoms provided by utilitarianism, which contains a whole and future-oriented way of thinking, a principle of ＂pleasure＂ and a criterion of ＂sensibility＂ for the content of moral wisdom, which plays an important and irreplaceable role in the contemporary theories and practices of applied ethics.