艺术的意向性与非意向性--扬·穆卡若夫斯基文艺符号学思想初探

Intentionality and Unintentionality in Art——A Tentative Study on the Literary Semiotics of Jan Mukarovsky

艺术的意向性与非意向性是穆卡若夫斯基思想发展后期的一对核心概念,前者直接源于现象学哲学,后者则是穆氏在前者基础上发展出的一个新概念。穆氏通过创造性地赋予这对概念以新的内涵,来对艺术作品本体进行了全新阐释。概而言之,艺术的意向性是艺术作品语义上的一种动态的统一性,而非意向性则是对这种统一性的一种抵制。前者根源于艺术作品的符号属性,后者则由艺术作品的"物"的属性所赋予。艺术作品之所以具有魅力在于它既是符号,又是"物"。

Intentionality and unintentionality in art is a pair of central conceptions in the last period of developments of Jan Mukarovsky＇s thought. The former came from Phenomenology, while the latter was a new conception derived from the former. Creatively giving new meanings to this pair of conceptions, Mukarovsky radically illustrated the ontology of art by means of this pair of conceptions. In a word, Intentionatity in art is the semanti- cally unity of art works, while the unintentionality is a kind of resistance to this unity. The former is rooted in the semiotic character of art, while the latter is given by the ＂thing＂ of art. The charm of art lies in this fact： It is not only a sign, but also a ＂thing＂ .