中国古代教育的办学类型及现代启示--以书院为例

Type of Running Schools in Chinese Ancient Education and Modern Enlightenment——Taking Academy as an Example

书院是我国古代独具特色的一种高等教育机构,作为中国教育史上与官学平行交叉发展的一种教育制度,它起源于唐代,兴盛于宋代,延续发展于元代,于明清时期达到普及,在历经千年的发展过程中积累了丰富的办学经验和宝贵的文化财富。它的教学特色,如学规、讲会制度、自学制度,对当代大学的办学类型与发展定位都具有借鉴与启示意义。

Academy is a unique ancient Chinese institution of higher education. As an education system which paralleled and crossed with official education system in the history of Chinese education, it originated in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, continued development in the Yuan, and became widespread in Ming and Qing dynasties. It accumulated rich experiences and valuable cultural wealth in the process of development for thousands of years. It＇s teaching characteristics, such as school rules, conference system and self-study system have lot of inspirations on the type and orientation of running schools for the contemporary university.