增氧灌溉对水稻生理特性和后期衰老的影响

Effects of Aerated Irrigation on Physiological Characteristics and Senescence at Late Growth Stage of Rice

以常规粳稻秀水09、杂交籼稻国稻6号和两优培九为试材,于2007-2008年采用大田试验,研究了增氧灌溉对水稻生理特性和后期衰老的影响。结果表明,与常规灌溉水相比,超微气泡水的溶氧量明显提高而且下降速率慢。增氧灌溉处理土壤氧化还原电位显著或极显著提高,有效穗数、结实率和产量显著提高。进一步分析表明,增氧灌溉处理下秀水09和两优培九叶片光合速率分别较对照提高了4.13%和3.78%;而且增氧灌溉显著提高叶片叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量,气孔导度也有较大的增加;此外,增氧灌溉处理还增强了水稻生育后期的根系功能,提高了叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性,降低了叶片丙二醛含量,延缓叶片衰老,延长了叶片功能期从而促进籽粒灌浆结实。

With the inbred japonica rice variety Xiushui 09, indica hybrid rice combinations Guodao 6 and Liangyoupeijiu as materials, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of aerated irrigation on physiological characteristics and senescence at late growth stage of rice in 2007 and 2008. The dissolved oxygen concentration of aerated water was higher than river water with a slower decrease rate. The soil oxidation-reduction potential under the aerated irrigation treatment was significantly higher than that of the traditional irrigation treatment at 0.05 or 0.01 level, resulting in a significant increment in number of effective panicles, seead setting rate and grain yield. Further research showed that aerated irrigation increased photosynthetic rate by 4.13% in Xiushui 09 and 3.78% in Liangyoupeijiu. The contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein and stomatal conductance under the aerated irrigation were significantly increased, which were the main cause of the increased photosynthetic rate. Furthermore, the aerated irrigation improved root function, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in leaves after flowering, postponed the leaf senescence effectively,thus prolonged leaf functional period and promoted grain filling.