老年人轻度认知损害危险因素的调查分析

Investigation of risk factors for mild cognitive impairment in elderly people

目的调查北京老年人轻度认知损害（MCD）与年龄、性别、体质指数等的关系。方法应用简易精神状态检查，对北京东直门社区招募的129例老年人进行认知功能评估。结果检出记忆型轻度认知损害（aMCI）37例（28．7％），阿尔茨海默病（AD）36例（27．9％），认知正常者56例（43．4％）。aMCI和AD患者年龄高于认知正常者，分别为（67．6±7．5）岁、（66．6±8．2）岁和（62．5±7．9）岁，两两比较差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为2．847、-1．747和-2．429，P〉0．05、P〈0．01和P〈0．01）；aMCI和AD患者受教育年限低（P〈0．05）；aMCI和AD患者的血压较认知正常者高（P〈0．05）；aMCI体质指数高于其他两组（P〈0．05），不同性别老年人aMCI和AD患病率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；不同月份出生aMCI和AD患病率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论aMCI患病率与年龄、教育程度、高血压和体质指数等因素有关，与性别、出生月份无关。

Objective To investigate the risk factors for mild cognitive impairment （MCI） in elderly people in Beijing. Methods Using multistage cluster random sampling, 129 elderly people aged 60-80 years living around Dongzhimen communities were interviewed by mini-mental state examination （MMSE） and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/ Alzheimer＇s Disease and Related Disorders Association （NINCDS-ADRDA） criteria for screening MCI and Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）. Results Thirty-seven cases （28.7%） had amnestic MCI （aMCI）, thirty-six cases （27.9%） had AD, and fifty-six cases （43.4%） were with normal cognitive state （NCS）. The age was older in aMCI patients or AD patients than in NCS[（67.6±7.5）y vs. （62.5± 7.9）y, （67.6±7.5）y vs. （62.5±7.9）y, both P〈0.01] ,Andthe aMCI or AD patients had low level of education （P〈0.05）. The blood pressure was than in people with NCS more or less （P〈0.05）. higher in the patients suffered from aMCI or AD The prevalence of aMCI was related to the body mass index （BMI） （P〈0.05）, while that of AD had no significant relation with BMI （P〉0.05）. The prevalence of aMCI or AD was not significantly different between male and female or between different birth months. （all P〉0.05）. Conclusions The prevalence of aMCI increases with age, lower level of education, higher level of blood pressure and BMI, while it has no significant relations with gender or birth month.