鲢中国土著群体与海外移居群体遗传多样性的AFLP分析

Genetic diversity of Chinese native populations and overseas transplanted populations of silver carp by AFLP

采用AFLP技术从长江群体内(邗江、老河)、中国长江、珠江、黑龙江群体间以及中国土著群体和海外移居群体(多瑙河、密西西比河)间3个层面分析了鲢自然群体在世界范围内的遗传格局。结果表明,邗江、老河、珠江、黑龙江群体的Nei氏基因多样性(H)分别为0.0481±0.1151、0.0659±0.1333、0.0510±0.1155和0.0661±0.1364,多瑙河、密西西比河群体分别为0.0576±0.1250和0.0540±0.1221;中国土著鲢总的遗传多样性(0.0729±0.1295)高于海外移居群体。AMOVA分析表明,群体间差异对群体总遗传变异的贡献率为8.14%,而群体内差异的贡献率为91.86%。长江石首与邗江群体间的遗传分化FST值为0.0701(P<0.01),长江、珠江、黑龙江群体间的FST值为0.0704(P<0.01),中国土著群体与海外移居群体间的FST值为0.0424(P<0.01),鲢中国土著群体内、土著群体与海外移居群体间均表现分化显著。研究结果为进一步监测海内、外鲢自然群体的遗传变化趋势积累基础资料。

The genetic diversity of silver carp（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix） populations around the world was thoroughly evaluated by AFLP at three different levels： populations within Yangtze River（Hanjiang-section, YZ-HJ and Laohe-section,YZ-LH）,among Chinese native populations（Yangtze River,YZ,Pearl River,PR overseas Amur River,AMU） and between Chinese native populations and overseas transplanted populations （Danube River,DAU and Mississippi River,MIS）. The results showed Nei’s genetic diversity（H） of native populations was 0. 048 1 ± 0. 115 1,0. 065 9 ± 0. 133 3,0. 051 0 ± 0. 115 5,0. 066 1 ±0. 136 4 for YZ-HJ, YZ-LH,PR,AMU,respectively; while it was 0. 057 6 ± 0. 125 0,0. 054 0 ± 0. 122 1 for the transplanted populations of DAU and MIS,respectively. The whole genetic diversity of the Chinese native populations（0. 072 9 ± 0. 129 5） was higher than that of the transplanted populations. AMOVA showed the variance within population（91. 86% ） was larger than that of interpopulation（8. 14% ）. The genteic divergence index within Yangtze River group,Chinese native groups,Chinese native groups and overseas groups was 0. 070 1（P 0. 01）,0. 070 4 （ P 0. 01） and 0. 042 4 （ P 0. 01）,respectively,which showed there are significant differences in three different group levels. These results would lay a basis for long observation on trend of genetic variation of silver carp native populations and transplanted populations.