太湖地区部分新石器时代遗址水稻硅酸体形状特征初探

Morphological Characters of Plant Opals from Motor Cells of Rice in the Neolithic Age of the Taihu Region

为了探讨太湖地区新石器时代稻的亚种属性，对浙江省的罗家角、马家水、邱城、南河、喇叭、水田贩和江苏省的龙南、徐家湾等遗址出土的陶片、红烧土及土壤，进行了植物硅酸体分析。在２６份材料中有１１份检出稻的机动细胞硅酸体，它们分属于马家、崧泽和良渚等三个文化阶段。硅酸体的形状特征解析表明：崧泽文化和良渚文化期的硅酸体的纵长、横长比马家文化期分别增加了１５．７３％、１５．１５％和１１．７３％、１５．１９％；粒子组分中小颗粒明显减少，大颗粒增加。显示出向以大型硅酸体为特征的粳稻方向进化的趋势。判别结果表明：崧泽和良渚文化期为粳稻；马家 文化早期的判别值有负值，但绝对值较小，和现代栽培的籼稻有差异。从演化过程看，硅酸体特征似籼的早期的栽培稻已具向粳稻分化的能力。

To determine subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa L. ) cultivated in the Neolithic Age of the Taihu region, 26 samples of potsherd, burned soil and soil from Luojiajiao, Majiabang, Nanhebang, Lababang, Shuitianfan sites in ZhejiangProvince and Longnan, Xujiawan sites in Jiangsu Province were analyzed for plant opals from motor cells of rice. The morphological characters of plant opals detected from those were investigated. Rice plant opals were found in 11 samples from threestages called Majiabang, Songze and Liangzhu Culture. Results of morphological analysis showed the vertical and horizontallength from the Songze and Liangzhu Culture have increased by 15. 73%, 15. 15 % and 11. 73 %, 15. 19% over those from theMajiabang Culture, respectively, indicating the rice to evolve into keng(japonica). Discriminant results indicated rice cultivated in the Songze and Liangzhu Culture belongs to keng(japonica). At earlier period of the Majiabang Culture, there were negative discriminant values, but the absolute value were very small, indicating they differ from hsien(indica) cultivated in present-day. Changes of Morphology of plant opals implied the rice cultivated in the earlier Neolithic Age to have a potentiality ofevolving into keng (japonica ).