558名酸作业工人牙酸蚀病调查

Investigation on dental erosion in 558 workers exposed to acid

目的了解本省酸作业工人的牙酸蚀病的发生情况。方法对本省珠江三角洲558名长期在硫酸和盐酸酸雾的环境下工作的工人进行横断面流行病学调查。结果车间空气中硫酸质量浓度为0.02～0.54mg/m3,氯化氢为0.2～11.4mg/m3。经过职业病诊断医师初步判断认为疑似职业性牙酸蚀病的患病率为20.61%,发病年龄(37.9±9.1)岁,接酸工龄(11.7±6.5)年,工龄越高,患病率越高,上下颌、左右两侧相同牙位牙酸蚀损害的发生具有对称性,中切牙的发生率最高(23.03%)。酸接触组牙体过敏发生率为39.43%,牙周炎发生率较高,牙齿健康率较低。结论接酸时间长容易患牙酸蚀病,应加强酸作业工人的牙齿保护。

Objective To investigate the status of occupational dental erosion in workers exposed to acid in Guangdong province.Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was carried out among 558 workers under long-term sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid fog environment in Pearl River Delta.Results The concentrations of sulphuric acid and hydrogen chloride were 0.02～0.54 and 0.2～11.4 mg/m3 respectively.The suspected occupational dental erosion morbidity was 20.61% according to initial judgment of occupational diagnosis physicians,with average age of the onset （37.9±9.1） and average work length （11.7±6.5） years.The morbidity increased with the work age prolonged.The feature of morbidity symmetry was observed between the same tooth positions in upper jaw and mandible,as well as the same tooth positions in corresponding left and right sides.The central incisor morbidity 23.03% was found to be the highest.The result also indicated that the tooth hypersensitivity was 39.43%,periodontitis morbidity was higher and that dental health rate was lower among these workers.Conclusion Longer acid exposure easily leads to dental erosion,and dental protection measurements should be strengthened to the workers exposed to acid.