铅致职业接触人群遗传损伤效应的研究

Study on the effect of genetic damage in workers occupationally exposed to lead

目的应用彗星试验和微核试验研究铅致职业接触人群遗传损伤效应。方法3家蓄电池厂的187名职业接触铅工人作为铅接触组,同时选择某镇无铅和其他职业危害接触史的村民179人作为对照组,进行彗星试验和微核试验。结果铅接触组彗星率、彗尾长度和微核细胞率均大于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);随着血铅或尿铅水平的增高,彗星率有增高趋势,微核细胞率仅在血铅>1.45μmol/L组或尿铅>0.58μmol/L组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论铅可引起职业接触人群遗传损伤,彗星试验可作为铅职业接触人群遗传损伤效应的检测方法。

Objective To study the effect of genetic damage in workers occupationally exposed to lead.Methods 187 lead exposed workers from three storage battery factories were taken as exposed group.Simultaneously 179 villagers from other town who were not exposed to lead or other occupational hazardous agents were used as control group.Comet assay and micronucleus assay were applied to both groups.Results Statistically significant increases in the rate of comet and the tail length and the rate of micronucleus cell were observed in the exposed group when compared with the controls（P0.001）.There was an increasing trend of the rate of comet with the increase of blood lead or urinary lead.When blood lead 1.45 μmol/L or urinary lead 0.58 μmol/L,the rate of micronucleus cell significantly increased when compared with the control （P0.001）.Conclusion Occupational lead exposure may result in genetic damage.Comet assay can be used to detect the effect of genetic damage in workers occupationally exposed to lead.