高等教育扩张与教育机会不平等——高校扩招的平等化效应考查

Expansion of Higher Education and Inequality in Opportunity of Education:A study on effect of "Kuozhao" policy on equalization of educational attainment

教育扩张可以为人们提供更多的教育机会,但它能否使教育机会分配变得更加平等,这一直是引发论争的问题。1999-2002年期间,中国政府采取了大学扩招政策,导致大学生数量和高等教育机会成倍增长。关于这项政策的实施对高等教育机会平等化所产生的影响,目前的研究还未取得确定的结论。本文基于2005年1%人口抽样调查数据的一个次级数据集,采用logit模型分析了大学扩招对不同阶层、不同户口身份、不同民族和性别之间的教育机会不平等的影响,并同时检验MMI假设、EMI假设和理性选择理论在中国社会的有效性。本文的结论是:大学扩招没有减少阶层、民族和性别之间的教育机会差距,反而导致了城乡之间的教育不平等上升。

There is a debate about education expansion' impact on inequality of educational attainment.During 1999-2002,the Chinese government adopted a policy to increase enrolment in higher education.This resulted in a five-fold increase in the number of college students and the expansion of opportunity for higher education doubled in five years.The paper,based on sub-data drawing from 1% population sample survey data of 2005 and using logit models,examines the impact of higher educational expansion during this period on inequalities of classes,'Hukou' status,ethnic and gender in China.The author tests the validity of the MMI hypothesis,EMI hypothesis and RCT theory in the Chinese context.The results show that inequalities of higher education among classes,ethnic groups and sexes have not declined during the sharp expansion of higher education but inequality of higher education between people born in urban and rural areas has increased during this period.