任务性质、结果反馈时机与运动技能的学习

Task Characters,Timing of Knowledge of Results and Motor Learning

采用键盘敲击任务探讨任务性质、结果反馈时机对运动技能学习的影响。将100名右优势手大学生随机分为开放性和封闭性任务组(男女各25名),两组分别在5种KR条件下,练习开放或封闭任务3天,每天练习108次。第3天练习结束后休息10 min,进行不提供KR的保持测试10次。24 h后,进行无KR保持测试10次。结果显示:(1)在封闭性运动技能学习中延迟KR更有利,而即刻KR促进开放性运动技能的学习;(2)提供KR的适宜时机受任务性质影响。与开放性技能相比,操作封闭性技能时,提供KR的适宜时机应延迟。

This study examined the interaction of task characters with the temporal locus of knowledge of results in computer key-pressing task.100 under-graduates were divided into two groups：open skill task and closed skill group（each group was gender-balanced designed）.During three days of acquisi-tion,two groups performed the key-pressing task under five different augmented feedback conditions.10 trials retention tests of overall timing accuracy in absence of KR were administered 10 min and 24 hours following acquisition.And the results showed that：（1）although immediate KR enhanced the open motor skill learning,delayed KR had more benefits in closed motor skills learning;（2）there is interaction between the task characters and the optimum of KR-delay interval.When the subjects operate open motor skills,the optimum of KR-delay interval tends to bring forward,compared with closed motor skills.