柔道运动员投技中大外刈技术的表面肌电分析

The sEMG Analysis on Osoto Gari of Nage Waza Used by Judo Athletes

以北京体育大学8名柔道运动员为研究对象,分为优秀组和普通组各4名,采用表面肌电测试方法并结合运动解剖学的基本理论对两组运动员柔道投技大外刈技术进行量化分析和评价,得出以下结论与建议:(1)sEMG信号分析中时域指标RMS和贡献率(work/loading)能较好反映柔道等复杂技术动作中肌肉的用力情况。(2)大外刈技术中两侧腹直肌、右侧腹外斜肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、臀大肌、股二头肌、腓肠肌内侧以及左侧三角肌后束、臀大肌、股直肌是主要用力肌肉,运动员在训练中应加强以上肌肉的练习。(3)普通组运动员左侧三角肌后束、左侧腹直肌、右侧肱二头肌力量过于薄弱,这可能是造成其技术不够成熟的因素之一,今后训练中应注意加强。(4)运动员在强化针对性肌肉力量练习的同时,除选择一般力量训练方法外,应多尝试采用适合柔道大外刈技术的专项力量训练方法,如拉滑车、爬绳、立卧撑等。

In this study,8 judo players from athletics school of Beijing Sport University were as research object and were divide into outstanding groups and general groups.Using sEMG,combining with theory of sports anatomy to analyze and evaluate the osoto gari of two groups in judo.According to the re-search,these conclusions and advises were suggested：（1）In sEMG analysis,the RMS and work / loading can reflect the condition of muscle of the sophis-ticated techniques.（2）The two side rectus abdominals,the obliquus externus abdominis,biceps brachii,triceps brachii,gluteus maximus,biceps femoris,inside gastrocnemius of the right body,and back part of detoid,gluteus maximus,and rectus femoris of the left body play more important role in osoto gari.Athletes should strengthen the muscles above the practice in training in the future.（3）The strength of the back part of the left deltoid,the left rectus abdominals and the right biceps of athletes are too weak,which may be the reason for their immature technology.They should pay attention to it in the fu-ture training.（4）Besides choosing a general strength training methods,athletes should try to use more suitable specific strength training methods,such as pull-tackle,climbing rope,horizontal-vertical stays and so on.