山羊群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析

Genetic diversity in goat breeds based on microsatellite analysis

为了保护和合理利用我国地方山羊品种遗传资源提供理论基础,本研究利用国际农粮组织和国际家畜研究所推荐的10对微卫星引物,结合荧光标记PCR,检测了中国9个地方山羊品种和1个引进山羊品种的遗传多样性。所研究的10个品种中7个呈现出高度多态,3个呈现出中度多态。并共检测到119个等位基因,有效等位基因数在1.4641－9.2911之间,座位平均杂合度在0.2618－0.7672之间,品种平均杂合度在0.5196－0.7024之间,其中SRCRSP23位点和河西绒山羊（HXR）平均杂合度最高。聚类关系（NJ和UPGMA）和主成分分析结果与其起源、育成历史及地理分布基本一致。

Fluorescence PCR was applied to investigate the genetic diversities of 9 indigenous Chinese goat breeds and 1 exotic breed with 10 microsatellite DNA markers recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Livestock Research Institute of Animal Genetics, which provide data for the preservation and utilization of indigenous goat breeds genetic resource. We found that the 7 breeds were high polymorphic while 3 breeds were moderate polymorphic. We also detected 119 alleles, and the effective allele number ranged from 1.4641 to 9.2911. The average heterozygosity of loci and breeds respectively varied from 0.2618 to 0.7672 and from 0.5196 to 0.7024. As well as SRCRSP23 site and Hexi cashmere goat had the highest average heterozygosity. Then we analyzed the phylogenetic trees （NJ and UPGMA）, and found both of them were generally in accordance with their original breeding history and localities.