美国特殊教育立法中的家长参与

Parental Participation in the US Special Education Legislation

强调家长参与是美国特殊教育立法的主要特点和重要原则之一。文章立足于我国特殊教育立法理论思考的需要,回顾了美国特殊教育立法过程中家长参与的缘起及具体经过,分析美国特殊儿童的家长参与特殊教育立法的原因,重点介绍了在美国家长参与特殊教育立法所取得了的成效,集中体现在对家长的选择权、知情权、评估参与权、"个别化教育计划"制订过程参与权等的权利规定或保障。最后,作者结合我国特殊教育立法的实际情况,从国家层面、学校层面、家长及"残联"层面提出了几点思考。

Emphasis on parental participation is the main feature of United States special education legislation, as well as one of its important principles. Based on the reflections on the legislative theories of Chinese special education, this article reviews the origin and details of parental participation in the legislative process of United States special education, analyzes the reasons for this participation, and gives a detailed explanation of the provisions of parents＇ rights to participate in the special education legislation in the US, including the right to choose, the fight to know, the right to participate in the assessment, the right to ＂Individualized Education Plan,＂ and so on. Finally, the authors give some reflections from the perspectives of the nation, schools, parents and disabled persons＇ federation, in line with the current situation of Chinese special education legislation.