3～6岁儿童在合作装扮游戏中语言运用的性别差异

Gender Difference in Language Use of 3-6-year Children in Collaborative Role Play

已有研究发现，受社会文化中性别角色的影响，男性和女性在语音语调、词汇运用、言语句式等方面均存在差异。本研究旨在考察当代社会文化背景下的儿童在语言运用中是否也存在这样的性别差异。研究结果发现：（1）以平均语句长度等指标来衡量，男孩的语言发展起步晚于女孩，但随着年龄的增长，他们之间的差距逐渐缩小。（2）无论哪个年龄段，女孩使用形容词、副词、语气助词和礼貌用语的频率均高于同龄男孩，但女孩和男孩在游戏中的词汇运用有着互相影响作用。（3）女孩的言语行动类型数量的发展比同龄男孩要快，且倾向于使用命令式的语言，在决定角色分配和游戏情节等方面，女孩处于主导地位。

Researches show that differences exist between male and female in voice and tones, vocabulary use, sentence pattern and so on. The purpose of this study is to discover whether gender difference exists in language use in our contemporary social context. It is found that in terms of Mean Length of Utterance （MLU）, boy＇s linguistic development starts later than girls; however, with the increase of age, the difference gradually reduces; in each age group, girls demonstrate a higher frequency in the use of adjectives, adverbs, modal particles and polite expressions than boys but boys and girls influence each other in vocabulary use during the play; girls develop more rapidly than boys in types of speech act and tend to use commanding language, and are dominant in role assignment and game plot discussion.