图书馆纸质文献采访——借阅优化策略分析

An Optimal Policy of Acquisition and Loan for Libraries

书籍随着时间流逝,其无形价值逐渐衰减。与此同时,图书馆因为资金约束,不可能无限制地购置新书。借鉴学者研究产品回收再利用的库存控制方法,以图书馆可服务馆藏与新购在途文献之和作为判断是否达到安全馆藏的依据,采用(s,Q)文献采访策略,以图书的订购、到达、外借、还回、剔旧建立Markov过程,以每一时期图书的新旧程度为读者评价的主要依据,以订购成本、馆藏成本、短缺成本、外借成本、剔旧成本作为系统成本,以读者评价和系统成本作为决策变量,推出图书馆可以获得订购值(Q)和外借期限(Lr)的最优策略。

The value of books will decay because of the advancement and spread of knowledge. In addition, Libraries cannot purchase all new books they want because of financial burden. Based on the ideas of product recovery, this paper observes the character of circulation of books in library, measures the sum of service collection and online new books with the safe collection, adopts （s, Q） literature acquisition policy, establishes the Markova process of ordering, arriving, loaning, returning, discarding of books. Then, this paper establish the readers＇ evaluation in accordance with fresh of books, and defines the system cost as the sum of purchasing cost, holding cost, shortage cost, loaning cost and disposal cost. At last, this paper considers the system cost and readers＇ evaluation as decision variable and gains the optimal policy of quantity of purchasing and loan span.