建筑物中的能量利用效率

Energy utilization efficiency in buildings

公共建筑存在能效低下能量浪费严重的现象,其中部分的能量浪费是由于人们不合理用能造成的,长久以来没有很好的方法评判用能不合理的程度。为了能够定量分析人对建筑物中能量利用的程度,便于建筑节能的实施,提出能量利用效率的概念。将建筑物中的能量分为有效能量和无效能量两部分,有效能量与总能量的比为能量利用效率。由于建筑物末端有效能量很难直接测量,因此利用现有的检测技术,计算温度、照度、感知等参数对时间的变化率并结合人的行为特征以获取有效使用能量的时间,以两者时间之比间接计算能量利用效率。为了验证这种方法的可信度,在不同类型的建筑物中进行试验,结果表明能量利用效率能够反映人为浪费能量的程度,可为建筑节能提供量化指标,进而指导建筑物节能。

Energy utilization efficiency is low in public buildings, partly due to irrational energy use. There are no good methods to judge the extent of irrational use of energy. The concept of energy utilization efficiency is proposed to evaluate the energy eonsumption index. Energy in buildings is divided into two parts： effective energy and ineffective energy. Energy utilization efficiency is the ratio of effective energy to total energy. Because the terminal effective energy of buildings is difficult to measure directly, existing measurement technique is employed to calculate the temporal variation rates of parameters such as temperature, luminance and perception, and then combining with people behavior characteristics, to calculate the energy utilization efficiency indirectly. In order to verify the approach, experiments were conducted under various conditions, and the results indicate that energy utilization efficiency can reflect the degree of energy waste.