人民公社时期农村的瞒产私分

On Sharing Out in Private the Portion of Harvests Concealed during the Period of People's Communes

人民公社时期,农村在一定程度上存在瞒产私分现象。从表面上看,瞒产私分是"损公利私",但它的存续却有深厚的社会根源:是农民为解决饥饱问题不得已采取的措施;是部分农村基层干部和广大农民对人民公社体制的和平抗争;是农民在国家征购任务过重、"剪刀差"过大的条件下,维护个人利益的变通。农民的瞒产私分不仅改变了人民公社制度的内在结构,而且成为推动人民公社制度变迁的重要力量。

During the period of people's communes there existed,to some extent,the phenomenon of sharing out in private the portion of harvests concealed in rural areas.On the surface,this phenomenon was'to seek self-interest at the public expense',but its existence had deep social roots; farmers faced with starvation were forced to do so;it was a peaceful protest on the part of the rural grassroots cadres and the broad masses of farmers against the system of people's communes;and it was an adaptation by the farmers to safeguard their personal interests in the light of harsh state purchase quotas and large'price scissors'.Sharing out in private the portion of harvests concealed by the farmers not only changed the internal structure of the communes,but also constituted an important force to promote the institutional evolution of the communes.