摘要
1961年是中国对外贸易史上具有转折意义的一年。这一年中国大规模进口粮食,改变了过去主要靠出口农副产品换取工业设备、先进技术的进出口商品格局。同时,由于进口粮食主要来自西方资本主义国家,进一步突破了斯大林"两个平行市场"的理论。自此,中国对外贸易的重心转向西方,贸易方式也发生了重大变化,政府间易货贸易减少,开始普遍使用国际一般贸易规则,尤其是发展了"以进养出"的新型贸易方式。1961年的粮食进口给对外贸易所带来的积极变化,对我国的对外开放事业具有启迪意义。
The year of 1961 marked a watershed in the history of China's foreign trade.In this year,China's imported large quantities of grains,which changed the traditional pattern of exporting agricultural products in exchange for industrial equipment and advanced technologies.At the same time, as the grain imports came mainly from Western capitalist countries,Stalin's theory of'two parallel markets'was shattered.From then on China's focus of foreign trade shifted to the West and its mode of trade also significantly changed with the intergovernmental barter trade being reduced.China began to widely use general rules of international trade and developed,in particular,the new trade pattern of'using imports to serve the expansion of exports'.Grain imports in 1961 brought about positive changes in China's foreign trade and shed light on China's undertaking of opening to the outside world.
出处
《当代中国史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第3期72-78,共7页
Contemporary China History Studies
关键词
1961年
对外贸易
粮食
比较优势
the year of 1961
foreign trade
grain
comparative advantage
