一种基于数字图像的空间测距方法

New Way of Distance Measuring Based on Digital Image

通过设置具有简单几何属性的定标物和定标标尺,以及相机的平移运动,分步标定相机的内部参数矩阵K、旋转矩阵R、位移向量T及导轨方向向量E,建立相机与被测物体的空间关系。在相机导轨的两个位置分别采集被测对象的清晰图像,利用基于数字图像的空间测距数学模型,即可求解空间两点的空间距离。提出的基于数字图像的测距原理和方法较好地解决了"定标物定标法"中需要已知定标物空间位置的难题,具有数学模型收敛性好、定标精度高(在给定的实验条件下测量精度可控制在2%以内)、试验模型简单的特点,特别适合于空间大尺度物体(几米～几十米)的尺寸测量,能够弥补现有非接触测量方法在测量范围、测量成本等方面的不足,可广泛应用于大尺寸零件测量、地质勘探、水利建设、矿山开发、城市规划等工程领域。

Using a scaler that has a simple geometrical property and adding some restrictions on the movement of the camera,the interior parameters of the camera K,spin matrix R,translational vector T,and direction vector E could be solved successively.The distance was easily measured only by using two images at the different positions on the rail and substituting the known parameters into the distance measuring equation proposed here.This new method overcame the shortcomings of the tradition ways.It need not complex movement of the camera and decrease the difficulty of setting the standard calibration.This method could be used in the field of geological exploration,water conservancy construction,mine exploitation,city planning and large scale equipment manufacturing.