测算在软件开发中的实践

Estimation in Software Development Practice

软件测算是软件开发工程化管理的重要技术。但软件本身的复杂性、历史经验的缺乏、估算工具不完备性以及人为错误,导致软件项目的估算结果往往和实际情况相差甚远。为了改进测算结果,根据软件生命周期理论,结合COCOMOⅡ模型,指出了软件开发模型中的关键测算点及相应可采用的测算方法,并且明确了软件测算人员应具备的素质要求及在典型的软件组织中的地位。最后通过实例,使用USC提供的一个免费软件测算工具对一个具体的软件项目进行测算,较好地控制开发过程。

Software estimation is an important prerequisite for project development management. The complexity of the software, the lack of historical experience, the incompleteness of estimating tools as well as human errors, often lead to software project estimation results far from the reality. In order to improve the estimation results, from a management point of view, the key estimation points in common software development model and the corresponding methods which can be used, are designated in light of the software life-cycle theory and COCOMO II model, and what basic essences estimator should have are proposed and their positions in a typica! software organization are pointed out. Finally, an application example is given to illustrate how to apply these measuring points by using a free software tool provided by the USC.