程序失灵的揭秘与拯救——以“六连号”事件为例

Discovery and Salvation of Procedure Failure——Taking Case of Six Successive Number for Example

当我们没有重视正当程序时,我们呼唤正当程序,把它视为是拯救行政法制时弊的灵丹妙药。但是,当我们引入正当程序时,却发现它在实践中屡屡失灵而形同虚设。人们不禁对程序开始失望。究其原因,在于某些行政机关对程序的垄断。必须打破这种程序垄断,方能实现程序的结果公正。这需要对我国现有程序进行深入的机制再造。首先,为了让信息公开落到实处,必须细化相关规定,分类分级立法设定公开细节,防止公开漏洞;扩大利害相关人的查询能力,包括帮助人数众多的利害相关人建立临时组织,以期实现信息公开的预期效果。其次,赋予程序参与相对人独立决定权,确保程序参与相对人独立完成一个或者多个程序环节,从而,摆脱程序主持人对程序的垄断。第三,当程序参与相对人人数众多时,在程序最后阶段应增加质疑和说明理由程序,一方面,可以在结果生效之前形成监督焦点,有利于发现错误,另一方面,避免了立即生效后,既有的错误被揭示所带来的政府公信力的削弱。

We appeal for due process when it is absent and regard it as the catholicon of current administrative legal system abuses, nevertheless, when we are introduced to it we find it exists in name only for frequent failures in practice, leading to great disappointment. All the above are due to procedural monopoly by some administrative bodies, without the break of which no result justice can be realized. Therefore the salvation asks for reengineering of the current administrative procedure. Firstly, related regulations should be specified and public details should be set in different categories and levels in order to prevent loopholes and put information publicity into effect, meanwhile, information query ability of interest related party should be enlarged, such as the establishment of temporary organization for them, so as to achieve the expected effect of information publicity. Secondly, final say of the private party should be granted to let them participate in procedure（s） independently in behalf of getting rid of administrative bodie＇ monopoly. Thirdly, when the number of the private party is large, procedures of query and explanation should be added for the sake of false detection by forming supervisory loci before effective result and the defense of public trust in the government by correcting mistakes before disclosure.