德国土地征收中的公共利益

Public Interest in Land Expropriation in Germany

德国《基本法》第14条将所有权作为宪法基本权利予以保护。该条公共利益条款的本质出发点是保护私人所有权。公共利益概念在德国土地征收法上依据通说认为应作狭义理解,非所有公共利益均可满足征收法上的要件。部门法对公共利益有明确规定。学说和实务界对公共利益概念主要在负面达成了一致。就所谓的商业征收并未一般性否定。公共利益本身也与征收的必要性紧密相关。

The article 14 of the German Basic Law, a public interest clause, guards ownership as a basic constitutional right and aims at protecting private ownership. In common understanding, the public interest in German Land Expropriation Law should be applied in a narrow sense, i.e. not all kinds of public interest satisfy expropriation essentials, which provided clearly in separate law departments. Both academic circle and practice circle mainly agree with the negative aspect of the concept, and do not deny all the commercial expropriation since public interest itself relates much to the necessity of expropriation.