科尔沁沙地流动沙丘掘穴蚁(Formica cunicularia)筑丘活动及其对土壤的作用

Nest Building Activities and Effect of Formica cunicularia on Soil Properties on Mobile Dune of Horqin Sandy Land

以科尔沁沙地典型流动沙丘作为研究对象,通过调查不同坡度地形上掘穴蚁的蚁丘直径、密度和盖度分布,讨论了不同坡度地形对掘穴蚁筑丘活动的影响,并分析了掘穴蚁筑丘对不同坡度地形土壤的作用。结果表明,迎风坡和背风坡的坡底、坡中及丘顶对蚁丘直径、密度和盖度分布影响明显,其中蚁丘直径迎风坡坡中显著小于其他坡度地形(P<0.05);密度和盖度分布顺序均表现为:丘顶>坡中>坡底。掘穴蚁筑丘改变了土壤性状,导致土壤含水量升高,pH值变小而电导率变大,有机质和全氮含量增加;微地貌条件下,蚁丘含水量和全氮含量迎风坡坡底较高,而蚁丘有机质含量背风坡坡底较高,但蚁丘土壤pH值和电导率丘顶较小。整个流动沙丘土壤基质均比较疏松,流动沙丘微环境易受风力作用而改变,从而影响掘穴蚁的筑丘活动分布,但不同坡度地形间蚁丘分布差异基本上均没有达到显著水平(P>0.05)。

Through the investigation into distribution of diameter,density and cover of ant mound on mobile dune of Horqin sandy land,the effects of microrelief on nest building activities of Formica cunicularia and the activities on soil properties were analyzed in this paper.The main results were as follows：the distribution of diameter,density and cover of ant mound differed remarkably on ridge,mesoslope,and downslope of the windward and leeward slopes.The diameter of ant mound on mesoslope of windward slope was smaller,and the order of density and cover was ridgemesoslopedownslope.On the other hand,the nest building activities changed the soil properties：the soil water content,electric conductivity,organic matter and total N increased while pH decreased;in terms of microrelief,the ant mounds on the downslope of windward slope had higher water content,that on the downslope of leeward slope had higher organic matter,and that on ridge had lower pH and electronic conductivity.The variance of micro-habitat of different slopes had important effect on the nest building activities,but the correlation between microrelief and distribution of ant mound was not obvious as a whole（P005）.