4Zhen Zhang, "An Amorous History of the Silver Screen": Film Culture. Urban Modernity, and the Vernacular Experience in China, Ph.D. dissertation (University of Chicago, 1998); Miriam Bratu Hansen, Fallen Women, Rising Stars. New Horizons:Shanghai Silent Film as Vernacular Modernism, Film Quarterly 54.1 (2000): P10-22.
5Zhen Zhang, An Amorous History of the Silver Screen." Shanghai Cinema and Vernacular Modernism, 1896-1937 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
6Yingjin Zhang (张英进) . ed., Cinema and Urban Culture in Shanghai, 1922-1943 (Stanford,CA: Stanford University Press, 1999).
7Laikwan Pang (彭丽君) . Building a New China in Cinema: The Chinese Left-Wing Cinema Movement, 1932-1937 (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002).
8Zhen Zhang, Teahouse, Shadowplay,Bricolage: Laborers Love and the Question of Early Chinese Cinema,in Y. Zhang, Cinema and Urban Culture in Shanghai, P27-50.
9Linda Williams, ed., Viewing Positions." Ways of Seeing Film (New Brunswick,N J: Rutgers University Press, 1997).
10Sue Tuohy, Metropolitan Sounds." Music in Chinese Films of the 1930s ,in Y,Zhang, Cinema and Urban Culture in Shanghai.
