铝合金薄板焊件旋转挤压矫形研究

Controlling welding distortion of aluminum alloy thin plates with rotating extrusion

从焊接残余变形的产生机理出发,提出了能够矫正薄板焊件残余变形的旋转挤压法,并阐述了该法的工作原理及其控制焊接变形的机理.利用由铣床改造的试验装置对旋转挤压工艺进行了研究.试验结果表明,旋转挤压法能够显著降低2A12T4铝合金薄板的焊接残余变形,选择适当的工艺参数,该方法能将焊接残余变形控制在常规焊接状态的3%以下.旋转挤压控制焊接变形的效果与一些工艺参数有关,保持其它参数不变,工件的行走速度越慢,焊件的残余变形越小.另外,只有当焊缝和近缝区金属均能被挤压头充分延展时,才能取得良好的焊接变形控制效果.

A new method named rotating extrusion（RE） is pressented in this paper,which is used to control welding residual distortion of thin-plate weldments. The basic principle of RE and its mechanism of mitigating welding residual distortion are introduced. The effectiveness of rotating extrusion and relationship between the control effect of welding distortion and technical parameters are studied based on the device remodeled from common milling machine. The experimental results show that RE method can reduce residual distortion of weldments made of 2A12T4 aluminum alloy thin plates to below 3% of that of conventional weldments when proper technical parameters are chosen. The control effect of welding residual distortion is related to some technical parameters. Keeping other parameters unchanged,the slower travel speed of results in the weldments,the better control effect of residual distortion. Furthermore,only when metals both in and around the weld are extruded by the extrusion head can a good control effect of welding residual distortion be attained.